Caddell Kivett was watching the inauguration of President Biden on Jan. 20, 2021, when the thread of an idea began to form.
He was inspired by Amanda Gorman, who took the podium and read her poem The Hill We Climb, which says, in part:
"We've learned that quiet isn't always peace, and the norms and notions of what 'just' is isn't always justice. ..."
It was then that he really started thinking, Kivett told NPR.
"Some of the words of that poem just really touched how I feel about our country," he said.
And those feelings are complicated, to say the least.
Kivett, 53, is serving an 80-year prison sentence for assault-related charges.
He's spent about 14 years incarcerated in North Carolina at the mercy of the U.S. criminal justice system and policies established by U.S. presidents, including Biden.
When the inauguration ceremony concluded, Kivett returned to his cell at Nash Correctional Institution in Nashville, N.C., where he's been for the past eight years. He began to mull over a "kind of improbable idea" as the words of Gorman's poem, "The norms and notions of what 'just' is isn't always justice," cycled through his mind.
He said he considered: What if there was a way to harness the voices of the incarcerated to critique this so-called justice system and to challenge the idea of what true justice in America could look like?
"Most people on the outside don't know what is going on in here," Kivett said. "And so, we just accept that this is how things are to be done and the correct response to people who commit harms or violence is to just lock them away."
He is surrounded by artists at Nash Correctional and considered ways to take that talent and use it to push forward these questions and ideas, he said.
These thoughts that started as just a flicker in his mind in 2021 took years and complex coordination with advocates from Justice Arts Coalition, such as founder and director Wendy Jason and programs assistant Janie Ritter, to come to fruition. But this month Kivett's brainchild, an exhibit titled Prison Reimagined: Presidential Portrait Project, was revealed to the public at President Lincoln's Cottage in Washington, D.C.
The exhibit of 46 pieces of art and writing was curated by the Committee of Incarcerated Writers and Artists, whose members all currently live within the carceral system across the U.S. In addition to Justice Arts Coalition, a group that supports imprisoned artists, the exhibit was coordinated by staff at Lincoln's Cottage.
The exhibit, which costs visitors between $4 and $10, will continue through Feb. 19. It may later head to a few more venues but that's yet to be confirmed. The pieces, however, can be bought once the current exhibit has finished with all proceeds going directly to the artists.
The art pieces include different takes on portraits of U.S. presidents, among them Presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama and put these leaders' records on criminal justice under the microscope.
The difficulties of coordinating the exhibit from behind bars
From the moment Kivett reached out to the Justice Arts Coalition in early 2021, the wheels started turning, even if slowly, and not without some hurdles. Ritter, nonetheless, worked to ensure that Kivett kept agency over the project.
"It was his idea. I wanted him to make the decisions," she said. "And, of course, a lot of the decisions couldn't be made from inside. They had to be facilitated outside."
Discussing the framework of the project with one another was among the challenges because Kivett has limited ability to call or email from his cell. And the artists whom Ritter and Jason contacted to contribute to the project are located in prisons throughout the country and rely heavily on snail mail to correspond.
Gradually, the artists began sending in their work to the group's headquarters in Takoma Park, Md.
To get these works to Kivett and his Committee of Incarcerated Artists and Writers at Nash, who were selecting the best pieces to exhibit, Ritter had to send 8-and-a-half-by-11 sized photos of all of each piece and copies of the written submissions.
"At the same time, our mail system here was going under a transformation from paper to digital, which created a whole new slew of hurdles for us to get past," Kivett said.
Later on, Callie Hawkins, the executive director of Lincoln's Cottage, sent a copy of their floor plan to guide the committee in choosing where to display each piece.
"It's a massive space," Hawkins said. "I was blown away by their ideas for placement and groupings. And literally all our team did was place it on the wall where they directed us to."
Kivett said it was hard not to feel discouraged during the process.
But, he said, "This project is a testament to what can be accomplished if you don't let discouragement stop your momentum."
Kivett hopes as visitors come to view the exhibit that they leave with a deeper understanding of the direct impacts of mass incarceration to critique the idea of whether incarceration is the true path to justice and that they're motivated to take concerns directly to their politicians to make change.
"I hope everyone realizes that they're all stakeholders. And I want them to realize what their individual part is in this process. And I hope they leave our show charged to do their part," Kivett said.
"Continuing to just cage people for harms committed in our country is not making us safer and not making us better as a nation," he said.
He recommends rerouting money that is being put into prisons and jails into communities that need it the most rather than continuing to invest in the carceral system as it is now.
President Lincoln's Cottage offers a poignant venue
Watercolor paintings, mixed media collages and colored pencil portraits are now hanging in Lincoln's Cottage in what was the president's former library, dining room and bedroom some 160 years ago.
Some of the pieces are of Lincoln himself.
A mixed media collage created by Robert Spence incorporates photos of Black Lives Matters protests surrounding a portrait of Lincoln. Spence writes of this piece, "There are so many hidden (and not so hidden) racial biases and struggles that still exist in America. I wonder what President Lincoln would say if he was alive today. 'What happened to America?' "
Other pieces target Lincoln's more recent successors.
The works reflect on how each administration and the policies they signed into law have impacted prisoners and contributed to the current state of the U.S. criminal justice system, which has locked up almost 2 million people — a disproportionate number of whom are Black Americans.
Like former President Bill Clinton and his signing of the 1994 Crime Bill. Critics of this bill have said it is responsible for this mass incarceration of Black Americans.
Artist Mike Tran used this event to inspire his painting on Clinton.
Tran writes, "The 3 Strikes Law (the 1994 Crime Bill), designed as a crime deterrent, serves to prove how inadequate the 'rehabilitation' system is. Rehabilitation is not putting a person in a box for life. It is helping that person realize why they did what they did, who they harmed with their actions, and replacing those behaviors with prosocial thoughts and beliefs."
Tran painted a skewed version of Clinton's presidential portrait, writing:
"I wanted to weave these ideas into President Clinton's portrait, as he was instrumental in the passing of this law. I wanted the symbolism in the piece to be subtle, hence the three small cigars on his collar and intentional blurring of the American Flag, but once you realize them, you can't look away."
Not all pieces put the presidents in a seemingly negative light.
In a portrait by Brian Hindson, he contemplates on his complex feelings about Trump, who signed the First Step Act into law in 2018. This law, among many other things, lowered prison sentences for certain nonviolent offenders.
Hindson, who at the time of finishing his painting spent 15 years in the federal prison system, writes after that law passed he saw that "people were leaving in droves" and that overcrowding in the federal prison system "was actually being addressed."
That leaves Hindson with contradictory feelings about Trump. He painted Trump's face split and divided into different pieces, each painted a different color.
"As controversial, polarizing, and divisive as Trump was and can be, he's the only President that did something that benefitted every federal inmate. The style I picked was my fractured art. All the pieces make him up. All the bad stuff too. Much like all of us, it's pieces of us. All the pieces make the whole," Hindson wrote.
The exhibit's largest piece is a 72-by-40-inch, six-panel installation that hangs in the center of the cottage's sitting room wall.
It's an eye-catching portrait with an even more striking story.
The subject of the piece is obvious: former President Obama. Except his face is distorted with puzzle pieces missing from his face.
It reflects the three artists' broken hopes of Obama reforming the criminal justice system and granting clemency to men on death row — a dream of the three men who painted it, they wrote.
The artists, Yuri Kadamov, Aquilla Barnette, and Lezmond Mitchell, managed to work together on this piece without ever sharing the same space. The three men slid canvases under the steel doors of their cells and handed it off to a fellow inmate who would pass the work on to the next collaborator.
The piece, however, was never fully finished.
Mitchell, who was the only Native American on federal death row, was executed on Aug. 26, 2020, at the age of 38 for first-degree murder.
It's significant given that this incomplete portrait sits in a building that represents what Hawkins calls "that unfinished work" of Lincoln's legacy.
"[Lincoln] recognized in his own lifetime, that his role was just to push the boulder a little further up the hill, and there he was going to fall short, that others who came after him were going to fall short," she said. "And then it was going to take everyone to continue this ideal, this promise."
The site of the cottage is at the highest point of Washington, D.C. It was the seasonal home of the 16th president and his family. While at the cottage in 1862 (then called the Soldiers Home), Lincoln developed the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in an upstairs bedroom, Hawkins said.
This was "legally supposed to free slaves in America," Ritter said.
"Mass incarceration in the U.S. has been referred to as the New Jim Crow. I think it's such an interesting tension to have artwork created by folks who are still inside, who do slave labor, in the room where Lincoln quite literally wrote out his thoughts for freeing those people in America," she said.
The Proclamation was enshrined in the 13th Amendment by 1865. It says that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
Kivett said this amendment provides this "loophole" for those convicted of a crime. He said involuntary servitude is still legal for convicted felons, who when incarcerated, are forced into work that pays little to nothing in prisons across the country.
Hawkins said it was important for the cottage to be a part of this exhibit as it offered an important point to hold important conversations around rectifying injustice — a goal of the museum.
"It's really important to [Lincoln's Cottage] to not put Lincoln on a pedestal. To take him down, to interrogate him, his policies, and to really be honest about where that leaves us today," she said.
For Kivett, the project and its themes are the embodiment of years of focus and passion on social justice issues while in prison.
It's part of what gives him purpose and goals for the future while inside, he said.
"The big picture of the project is to let people on the outside know that we are still people, and that we are still connected somehow in our humanity."
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