Timeline | Lost Bird SDPB
Lost Bird Timeline
April 29, 1868 - A treaty at Fort Laramie, one of a long series, ends fighting and designates Indian lands.
June 23, 1871 - Clara Bewick and Leonard Colby are married.
1874 - An expedition led by George Armstrong Custer discovers gold in the Black Hills.
June 25, 1876 - The Battle of the Little Big Horn becomes the latest and most spectacular of a series of confrontations between U.S. troops and tribal warriors.
1877 - Congress votes to confiscate the gold-bearing Black Hills and requires Indians to remain on the reservations.
1883 - Clara Colby founds The Women’s Tribune, destined to become the suffrage movement’s leading newspaper.
Fall, 1883 - The last buffalo hunt.
March 2, 1889 - Congress votes to take control of some 9 million acres of Indian lands, and sets rules requiring reservation residents to stay on the reservations.
Spring 1890 - The Ghost Dance religion gains popularity on the Sioux reservations.
November 1890 - The Home Guard militia is formed in South Dakota.
Dec 14, 1890 - Sitting Bull murdered.
Dec 28, 1890 - Big Foot’s band encounters the U.S. Cavalry near Wounded Knee Creek.
Dec 29, 1890 - Wounded Knee massacre.
Around Jan. 1, 1891 - Lost Bird found.
Jan 14, 1891 - Gen. Leonard Colby of the Nebraska National Guard poses as a Seneca, gaining possession of Zintkala Nuni, the Lost Bird.
May 1, 1891 - Clara Colby returns from Washington, D.C., to meet her new daughter.
June 1891 - Leonard Colby is appointed Assistant Attorney General of the United States.
1892-1893 - Leonard Colby uses his connections, his claims of Indian heritage and his relationship with Lost Bird to garner lucrative tribal contracts. Later, he loses his job and comes under investigation for actions as Assistant Attorney General.
May 1893 - Clara Colby discovers that her husband is the father of her former nursemaid’s illegitimate baby.
Dec 1894 - Leonard Colby is found innocent of fraud charges.
June 3, 1898 - Leonard Colby is commissioned as a brigadier general as the Spanish American War looms. Clara Colby, recently reconciled with the general, seeks war correspondent credentials.
1899 - Leonard Colby is openly living with his mistress, Maud Miller.
1903 - Leonard Colby beats charges of embezzlement from the Nebraska National Guard.
Spring 1906 - Zintka runs away from boarding school, joins a Wild West show and searches for her roots in South Dakota.
April 3, 1906 - Clara Colby and Leonard Colby are divorced.
June 14, 1906 - Leonard Colby marries Maud Miller.
January 1907 - Zintka comes back to Clara Colby who sends the girl to her newly wealthy father and stepmother.
April 1, 1908 - Zintka, now pregnant, is placed by her father in the Mitford Industrial Home, a severe reformatory school.
April 22, 1908 - Zintka’s son is stillborn, but she remains in the dreary school for a year.
April 1909 - Zintka returns to Clara Colby and marries Albert Chalivat, a young friend of Clara Colby’s.
May 1909 - Zintka discovers her husband has given her syphilis, then incurable, and the illness leaves her an invalid for nearly a year.
1909 - Clara Colby, further impoverished by caring for Zintka, closes The Women’s Tribune.
August 1910 - Zintka returns to South Dakota and spends a year searching for relatives.
1912 - Zintka goes to Hollywood and works as an extra in Westerns.
May 1913 - Clara Colby sues her ex-husband for back alimony, but drops the suit when the general promises to send money. However, she does not get any payments.
May 31, 1913 - Zintka marries Bob Keith, a Hollywood cowboy.
October 1913 - Zintka and her son, Clyde Keith, leave Bob Keith.
1914 - Zintka joins Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show.
March 1915 - Zintka marries Dick Allen, a calliope player and clown with the show.
Spring 1915 - The Allens, now with two small children, leave the Wild West Show to work in vaudeville in San Francisco, but times are tough.
July 1915 - Clara Colby and Zintka are together for the last time for a week, appearing together at the Federal Suffrage Association gathering at the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco.
Spring 1916 - Zintka loses her youngest child to illness and gives up the other to an Indian woman in better circumstances. Her husband’s continuing ill health means she must find a way for them to survive.
Sept. 7, 1916 - Clara Colby, impoverished, her health destroyed by campaigning for the vote in all kinds of weather, dies of pneumonia at her sister’s home in Palo Alto, Calif.
Early 1917 - A sensational newspaper story helps Zintka raise enough money to visit South Dakota one last time.
1918 - Zintka and Dick Allen give up on vaudeville and move in with his parents in Hanford, Calif.
Feb. 14, 1920 - Lost Bird dies in Hanford, Calif., during an influenza epidemic
Aug. 26, 1920 - 19th Amendment is ratified, giving women the right to vote.
1924 - The Indian Citizenship Act grants citizenship to American Indians.
Nov. 15, 1924 - Leonard Colby, now a judge, dies in Nebraska.
July 11, 1991 - Lost Bird’s remains are reburied at Wounded Knee.
