Since entering the race for president, Vermont independent Sen. Bernie Sanders has been on the rise against Hillary Clinton, staking out a position as a liberal alternative to the Democratic front-runner.
Sanders discussed the one issue in which he might be more conservative than Clinton — gun control. Below are highlights of other issues he discussed with NPR's David Greene on Morning Edition. (A transcript of the full interview follows below.)
Interview Highlights
On 'Black Lives Matter' vs. 'All Lives Matter'
Hillary Clinton got some blowback for not saying, "Black lives matter," while speaking in a town next to Ferguson. Instead, she said, "All lives matter." Sanders said he would say, "black lives matter," but so do those of other races and ethnicities. And then he pivoted to economic welfare, as he typically does.
"Phraseology, of course I'd use that phrase," Sanders said. "Black lives matter; white lives matter; Hispanic lives matter. But these are also not only police matters, they're not only gun control matters, they are significantly economic matters. ... Because it's too easy for quote-unquote liberals to be saying, 'Well, let's use this phrase.' Well, what are we going to do about 51 percent of young African-Americans unemployed?
"We need a massive jobs program to put black kids to work and white kids to work and Hispanic kids to work. So my point is, is that it's sometimes easy to say — worry about what phrase you're going to use. It's a lot harder to stand up to the billionaire class and say, 'You know what? You're going to have to pay some taxes. You can't get away with putting your money in tax havens, because we need that money to create millions of jobs for black kids, for white kids, for Hispanic kids.'"
On foreign policy
Sanders called for a multilateralist foreign policy to "come up with an intelligent, rational approach" to dealing with world threats. He also intimated he'd be in favor of a reduction in military spending and noted he voted against and "helped lead the opposition" to the war in Iraq and even voted against the first Gulf War in the 1990s.
"Bernie Sanders would have learned the lessons of Iraq and Afghanistan," Sanders said, adding, "As the former chairman of the Veterans Affairs Committee, Bernie understands what the cost of war really is."
He pointed specifically to brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder.
"Bernie Sanders gets very, very nervous when he hears Republicans who apparently just can't get enough of war — whether it's going to war in Syria, going to war in Iraq, going to war in Iran, going to war with Russia," Sanders said. "So obviously these are very difficult issues, if I had a magic solution you'd be the first to hear it. I don't have a magic solution."
On military spending, he added, "I have concerns that we are already spending more money on the military than the next nine countries that our Department of Defense can't even sustain and independently audit. We're wasting a huge amounts of money on defense."
On whether if he loses, he could hurt the eventual Democratic nominee
Sanders challenged comparisons made about him to past presidential candidates, who harmed front-runners in one way or another.
"So the implication is I guess somebody should decide who the candidate is and we should all go to sleep," Sanders said. "Well, that's a good idea; that's what really democracy is about, right? That's an absurd point. The point is that we need serious debate about serious issues in this country. ... I personally respect Hillary Clinton, and I like her. But if anyone thinks that having debates on issues is a bad thing for America, uh, frankly I don't know what world they're living in. ...
"My goal right now is to win this election. We have hundreds of thousands of people who have made campaign contributions. We have even more who want to participate in this campaign. My goal is to win this campaign by running on the issues that the American people feel strongly about and what they feel strongly about is that, 'enough is enough, the middle class cannot continue to disappear while the rich and large corporations end up with almost all of the income and all of the wealth.'"
Full transcript of Thursday's Morning Edition interview:
Renee Montagne: It's Morning Edition from NPR News. Good morning, I'm Renee Montagne.
David Greene: And I'm David Greene. He was born in Brooklyn. Built a life in Vermont. Now, Bernie Sanders is running for the Democratic presidential nomination.
He says if voters are truly sick of the status quo — look at him as an alternative.
Bernie Sanders: The reality of Washington, D.C., today is that we have one party, the Republican Party, completely dominated by big money and right wing folks. And you have another party, the Democratic Party, too much controlled by corporate money. What I have said over and over again, is that no president, no matter how extraordinary can deal with the problems facing the middle class, the disappearing middle class, the growth and grotesque level of income and wealth inequality, the high unemployment rate. We have no president can deal with that. Unless we mobilize the American people and create a strong grass-roots movement that says enough is enough, the billionaire class cannot have it all."
DG: Saying Bernie Sanders entered the presidential race as a long shot is an understatement. But he's got some momentum these days. He's inched up in the polls. And he's drawing some big crowds. We sat down with the 73-year-old Vermont senator away from the campaign trail, in his office on Capitol Hill.
And we began talking about last week's massacre at a black church in South Carolina. Those killings have many Democrats pushing for gun control again. Bernie Sanders' record has been mixed. There are plenty of gun owners in Vermont.
BS: I come from a state which is, very rural state. We have tens of thousands of people who are hunters, who enjoy the outdoors. We have virtually no gun control. But I think the people of Vermont and I have understood for many years that what guns are about in Vermont is not what guns are about in Chicago or Los Angeles or New York, where they're used not for hunting or target practice but to kill people.
DG: And Sanders ticked off what he calls "common sense" restrictions that he has supported.
Keeping guns away from the mentally ill. Instant background checks. Closing the background check loophole at gun shows. Banning assault weapons.
But at times though, he's also stood up for the rights of gun owners in his state. So we asked him what voters around the country should expect if he's elected president.
BS: My state has virtually no gun control but again strong opposition, I have voted for gun control so that should tell people around this country that I am prepared to deal with this issue. Second of all I think the people of Vermont and rural America are supportive of sensible gun control legislation. So the issue is, you know, what people say is, I come from a rural state which has no gun control, he's weak on gun issues. You know what my lifetime voting record with the NRA is?"
DG: It has gone from F to D ... and ....
BS: Yeah so this is not exactly make me into a quote of quote gun nut. When you get a D or an F from the NRA. But let me just say this ...
DG: But more supportive of guns than other, than some of the Democrats ...
BS: Well, I can understand that if some Democrats or Republicans represent an urban area where people don't hunt, don't do target practice, they're not into guns. But in my state, people go hunting and do target practice. Talking about cultural divides in this country, it is important for people in urban America to understand that families go out together and kids go out with their parents and they hunt. And enjoy the outdoors. And that is a lifestyle that should not be condemned.
DG: Let me ask you about a related subject, Ferguson, Missouri, a community that obviously — the protests there after the death of a young black man brought a national conversation about race to the forefront. Hillary Clinton visited there and some people complained about her word choice. She said "All Lives Matter" rather than using a phrase that's become very important to many people, "Black Lives Matter." What phrase would you use?
BS: Well the first point I would make about Ferguson is in fact the good news right now, is on an issue that has been taking place for decades, and that is police officers killing or beating up people who are under their custody. We are now beginning to pay attention.
DG: Mhm.
BS: So the good news is we are talking about this and we need to address this issue. But what I would also say, when we talk about issues — whether it's guns, whether it's police brutality, we should also understand something else about Ferguson. You know what the unemployment rate for young African-Americans in Ferguson is, which virtually no one has talked about?
DG: Remind us.
BS: 50 percent. And in fact a new study came out that for young African-Americans between the age of 17 and 20 the unemployment rate is 51 percent.
DG: But if I may return to my question, we had the voice of a woman on our air who protested in Ferguson. She said she needs to hear her president say the lives of my children matter, my little black children matter. I mean, are you ready to go to Ferguson and say black lives matter?
BS: Am I ready to go to Ferguson? What do you think I've been saying on the floor? When the lives matter, it means we are not going to accept police brutality or illegal behavior against young African-Americans OR anybody else. But when you talk about "lives matter," sometimes what we forget is when 51 percent of young African-American kids are unemployed. Are those lives that matter?
DG: "But what do you make of Hillary Clinton being dinged by some people for not using that phrase ..."
BS: <inaudible> I want to get back to you. No, no, no one second, alright. 51 percent of young African-American kids are unemployed, that's in a generation. One out of three or one out of four young black males born today are likely to end up in jail. Do you think that's an issue we should be talking about?
DG: It sounds like you would have been ready to say that phrase if you were there?
BS: Phraseology, of course I'd use that phrase. Black lives matter, white lives matter, Hispanic lives matter. But these are also not only police matters, they're not only gun control matters, they are significantly economic matters.
DG: So ...
BS: Wait a minute let me just answer this ...
DG: Sure.
BS: Because it's too easy for quote-unquote liberals to be saying 'well let's use this phrase.' Well, what are we going to do about 51 percent of young African-Americans unemployed? We need a massive jobs program to put black kids to work and white kids to work and Hispanic kids to work. So my point is, is that it's sometimes easy to say — worry about what phrase you're going to use. It's a lot harder to stand up to the billionaire class and say, you know what? You're going to have to pay some taxes. You can't get away with putting your money in tax havens, because we need that money to create millions of jobs for black kids, for white kids, for Hispanic kids.
DG: If you're the commander and chief it's obvious you'd have to make a lot of decisions dealing with foreign policy and I wonder if we could talk briefly about one. Russia has emerged as a threat, again. You have NATO countries like the Baltics asking for help, the U.S. and NATO are moving heavy weapons right to the Russian border. Vladimir Putin reacted in a very frightening way. Some are suggesting that the U.S. and NATO are fanning the flames here. What would President Bernie Sanders do?
Well, Bernie Sanders would have learned the lessons of Iraq and Afghanistan. Bernie Sanders voted against the first Gulf War. Bernie Sanders voted against the war in Iraq and helped lead the opposition to that war. And as the former chairman of the Veterans Affairs Committee, Bernie understands what the cost of war really is. And not only 6,700 brave men and women killed but hundreds of thousands coming back with PTSD and TBI. And Bernie Sanders gets very, very nervous when he hears Republicans who apparently just can't get enough of war. Whether it's going to war in Syria, going to war in Iraq, going to war in Iran, going war with Russia. So obviously these are very difficult issues, if I had a magic solution you'd be the first to hear it. I don't have a magic solution.
DG: So do you put weaponry ...
BS: But what it means is that the entire world community has got to come together. It's not just the United States, I do not want the United States to be fighting wars in four separate parts of the world. The United States has got to work with our European allies and allies throughout the world to come up with an intelligent, rational approach to deal with Russia, to deal with ISIS and deal with other national security threats.
DG: Sounds like you would intervene less than this president has?
BS: No, I didn't say that. You've got to look at each particular case, obviously. But uh, I am concerned about Russia, we're very concerned about ISIS, but once again, the United States cannot be the only country in the world intervening in so many countries. I think we've got to learn that lesson.
DG: I, I want to look at history just for a second. Um ...There have been underdog candidates in past presidential elections, who have ended up hurting their parties. 1968, Eugene McCarthy forces a fellow Democrat out of the race, Lyndon Johnson, a Republican — Richard Nixon — becomes president. 1992, Pat Buchanan really bruises President George H.W. Bush, and you end up with a Democratic president — Bill Clinton. Is it fair when people compare your candidacy to candidacies like that?
BS: I'm not quite sure that I ... Is the point being?
DG: When people...
BS: Excuse me...
DG: Sure, sure.
BS: Is your point being that people should not contest elections, that we should simply have the establishment bringing forth a candidate and anyone who rose ... is that your point?
DG: It's not my point ...
BS: It's an absurd point.
DG: It's not my point ... People have made comparisons to your candidacy ...
BS: People have made a whole lot of points. So the implication is I guess somebody should decide who the candidate is and we should all go to sleep. Well that's a good idea, that's what really democracy is about, right? That's an absurd point. The point is that we need serious debate about serious issues in this country. I've been in Congress for 16 years, in the senate for nine years, a mayor for eight years. I've got a pretty good record. And what I'm trying to do is speak for the needs of working families in this country and have a intelligent debate on serious issues. I've never run a negative political ad in my life, I personally respect Hillary Clinton and I like her. But if anyone thinks that having debates on issues is a bad thing for America, uh, frankly I don't know what world they're living in.
DG: If you don't end up with a nomination but you feel like there was that kind of serious conversation would you point to it as a success?
BS: My goal right now is to win this election. We have hundreds of thousands of people who have made campaign contributions. We have even more who want to participate in this campaign. My goal is to win this campaign by running on the issues that the American people feel strongly about and what they feel strongly about is that enough is enough, the middle class cannot continue to disappear while the rich and large corporations end up with almost all of the income and all of the wealth.
DG: Senator Sanders, thank you very much for the time. We appreciate it.
BS: Thank you.
DG: That's Vermont senator and Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. We spoke with him at his office on Capitol Hill yesterday.
You're listening to Morning Edition from NPR News.
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